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Market terms, in English and explained for everyone.

Quant lab
Brownian Motion
dS = μS·dt + σS·dW

Each particle traces a possible future price path: drift plus random noise. It's the engine behind Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo derivatives pricing.

Risk-on / Risk-off

The market's mood. Risk-on = investors buy riskier assets (stocks, emerging-market currencies). Risk-off = they flee to safety (dollar, gold, US Treasuries).

VIX

The "fear index". Measures how much turbulence the market expects in the S&P 500 over the next 30 days. High = nerves; low = calm.

Spread

The gap between the price you buy and sell a currency at. It's the dealer's "margin" on your trade.

FX Forward

An agreement to buy or sell currency on a future date at a price locked in today. Used to protect yourself from the exchange rate moving against you.

DXY

The index measuring the dollar's strength against a basket of currencies. When it rises, it's usually a risk-off signal.

CPI

Consumer Price Index: the most-watched US inflation print. It moves markets because it shapes what the Fed does with rates.

Carry

The gain (or cost) of holding a position due to the interest-rate difference between two currencies. The peso usually has positive carry vs the dollar.

Dual Currency Note

A structured instrument where your return (or final payout) depends on how a currency pair moves. It blends a deposit with an FX option.